| | 1 | |
| | 2 | == Comments == |
| | 3 | |
| | 4 | The comments are very important for yourself basically, you need to comment all your functions and declarations, and specially you need to comment your variables in order to know *what* exactly they are, and also for know possible special things of these variables |
| | 5 | |
| | 6 | It is recommended to learn how works '''doxygen''' (5 minutes reading a howto in google, it is very basic) so that you can know special techniques to comment your source code that then you can build ''documentation'' of your API/source directly from these comments |
| | 7 | |
| | 8 | The special things that you need to have in mind when you code is: clarity of code, simplicity, and summary |
| | 9 | |
| | 10 | |
| | 11 | == Basic Things == |
| | 12 | |
| | 13 | To declare a string in a variable, you need to use strcpy, so |
| | 14 | {{{ |
| | 15 | name = "Me"; /* Illegal */ |
| | 16 | strcpy (name, "Me"); /* Legal */ |
| | 17 | }}} |
| | 18 | |
| | 19 | When you assign a single character you need to enclose it in single-quotes ', if you want to assign a string (with the end-of-string (NULL) char included), you need to use double-quotes ". |
| | 20 | |
| | 21 | |
| | 22 | A good way to remove the newline value from variables (when you use a input-line entry system) is by simply set the end-of-string (NULL) value to the newline place, like: |
| | 23 | {{{ |
| | 24 | #!C |
| | 25 | fgets(first, sizeof(first), stdin); |
| | 26 | first[strlen(first)-1] = '\0'; |
| | 27 | }}} |
| | 28 | Remember that a string contains first a newline (if the input has included a newline) and all the strings finishes by the '\0' (NULL) character |
| | 29 | |
| | 30 | == Arrays == |
| | 31 | |
| | 32 | A two dimensional matrix looks like: |
| | 33 | {{{ |
| | 34 | #!C |
| | 35 | mtrx_var[2][4]; |
| | 36 | }}} |
| | 37 | |
| | 38 | Notice that this form is illegal: |
| | 39 | {{{ |
| | 40 | #!C |
| | 41 | mtrx_var[2,4]; |
| | 42 | }}} |
| | 43 | |
| | 44 | This is also valid: |
| | 45 | {{{ |
| | 46 | #!C |
| | 47 | int mtrx_var[2][4] = |
| | 48 | { |
| | 49 | {1, 2, 3, 4}, |
| | 50 | {10, 20, 30, 40} |
| | 51 | }; |
| | 52 | }}} |
| | 53 | |
| | 54 | |
| | 55 | == Variables == |
| | 56 | |
| | 57 | signed: means ''with sign'', so, values negative and positive, for example if the '''char''' variable has a limit of 255 values, using the '''sign''' mode we can use from '''-128''' (negative) to '''127''' (positive), and using '''unsigned''' we can use from '''0''' to '''255''' |
| | 58 | |
| | 59 | The '''constant''' variables are constants, so they can't change, by convention they are in upper-case |
| | 60 | |